is the expression for the temperature control to casting temperature. Depending on the furnace construction and the heat insulation, the heat losses in kW/t of capac- ity can amount to between approx. 6 for channel holding furnaces with 130 t capac- ity and 28 for crucible furnaces with approx. 3 t capacity. Holding costs money, and should be kept to a minimum as far as the process controls allow.
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