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Templating refers to the production of sand moulds of larger sizes for the production of rotationally symmetrical castings, using rotating templates in place of models, for example for the casting of bells.

Bunkers are supply containers for the storage of bulk materials. In foundries, bunkers are used for holding mould materials, fuels and materials for making up the charge.

Flushing block is the normal term for a porous bottom block, through which gas can be introduced into the melt in furnaces or a ladle. The melt is usually flushed with argon. The gas is fed into the melt at low pressure, and removed from the melt by the partial pressure reduction of other gases. The blowing in of flushing gas (including nitrogen) can also be used to stir or mix the melt with added reaction materials, e.g. carburisation and desulphurisation agents.

When melting chrome-nickel alloys in the crucible induction furnace, flushing with argon can significantly reduce the melting and alloying times.
In the case of light metals and zinc, a higher melting performance can be achieved with the aid of a nitrogen flushing lance due to the intensive movement of the bath.

Caster is the general designation for the foundry specialist, and the professional term for foundry workers who perform the casting into the moulds.

Buttons is the designation for the remaining metal that solidifies in the ladle or the furnace. This is also referred to as ladle or furnace buttons.

are used as holding and storage vessels in continuous and non-continuous foundry operations. Unforeseeable problems can also occur in continuous casting operations, which can then be rectified with the aid of storage furnaces. Storage furnaces are designed as channel furnaces or crucible furnaces with good heat insulation. A crucible storage furnace has the advantage of total emptying over a channel furnace, which must always be operated with a sump. The heat losses are as follows for 40-t furnaces:

a) normal crucible melting furnace                            approx. 400 kW
b) crucible storage furnace                                           approx. 300 kW
c) channel furnace 40 t usable capacity/12 t sump  approx. 250 kW

or temperature change resistance refer as a rule in induction furnaces to the properties of the ceramic materials at different temperatures. An acidic lining is less temperature-sensitive, and thus more resistant to temperature change than basic or neutral compounds.

is the heat level of a material, measured in Kelvin (K) or degrees Celsius (°C). K is the SI unit of measure. The Kelvin scale begins at absolute zero, which corresponds to –273.15 °C. Conversion between k and °C:

K = °C + 273.15

°C = K – 273.15

Temperature differences are expressed in Kelvin, although they can also be specified in degrees Celsius.
In some countries, Fahrenheit is still commonly used as a unit. In this case, the conversion is as follows:

°C = (°F-32) x 5/9

°F = °C x 9/5 + 32

is the term for the “storage” of a melt in a storage or holding furnace, which can take the form of a channel or crucible storage furnace. When storing GGG, spe- cial attention must be paid to the magnesium melting loss, so that the cooling of the magnesium content does not get out of control.

is a casting ladle with bottom emptying, which can be emptied by raising the stopper rod. Alternatively, a swivelling stopper can also be used.