are operated as normal burners with air, or as high-performance burners using oxygen. Depending on the size of the crucible, holding, storage or channel fur- nace, outputs of from 100 to 500 kW are used, and more rarely 750 kW. The appli- cation temperatures to the ceramics range from 800 °C to 1,200 °C. The flame temperatures are considerably higher, and can reach levels of up to approx. 2,400 °C.